ZS 2

CONTENT

TITLE 1 – DEFINITIONS
TITLE 2 – PURPOSE
TITLE 3 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
TITLE 4 REQUIREMENTS
TITLE 5 DOCUMENTATION

Chapter 1 Definitions

1.1 Sports flying equipment

1.2 PK Paraglider

1.3 ZK Hang glider

1.4 PPG Motorized paraglider without landing gear

1.5 ULLa Ultralight aircraft controlled by aerodynamic forces

1.6 ULLt Ultralight aircraft controlled by changing the center of gravity

1.7 MPK Motorized paraglider with landing gear

1.8 ULV Ultralight glider

1.9 Maximum operating load: The maximum carrying capacity of a rescue parachute in compliance with the requirements for strength and sag is equal to the total weight of the crew, SFD and rescue kit or system.

1.10 Maximum operating speed: It is equal to the maximum operating speed at the moment the parachute is opened, or putting the system into operation in km/h EAS

1.11 For the purposes of this regulation, a parachute set or system consists of the following main parts:

a) Device to activate the opening of the set or system: ejection container handle, set release handle, pyromechanism or rocket motor activation handle, extraction parachute, if used.

b) Canopy opening control device: canopy bag, container, braking cloth or functionally equivalent part, if used.

c) Parachute(s) canopy(s) including support lines, center lines and connecting members, if used.

d) Free ends of the load-bearing harness: anchor and connecting ropes, load-bearing straps, ULL load-bearing system, carabiners

e) Parachute packaging: textile packaging, metal packaging and plastic containers.

f) Carrying harnesses: for people, aircraft, suspension devices

g) Primary release device: release cable or system, or functionally equivalent part, if used.

1.12 Rescue parachute set

a) Parachute set for one person: A parachute that is attached to the harness worn by the pilot and is used in an emergency

b) Two-person rescue parachute set: A parachute that is attached to separate harnesses worn by the crew (pilot and passenger) and is used in an emergency (they use one parachute).

1.13 Rescue parachute system

a) Complete the rescue parachute system consists of a rescue parachute, an activation device and is connected to the SFD by means of connecting and fastening elements. It is intended for the rescue of the crew sitting in their places, including SFD.

1.14 Functionally open

a) Means that the parachute is sufficiently open to ensure an average vertical rate of descent (VRK) equal to or less than 6,8 m/s in the last 30 m above the ground for rescue parachute systems (ULA, ULV, ULLt, ULV, MPK, ZK and sets for two people) and 7,3 m/sv the last 30 m above the ground for rescue parachute sets for PK for one person.

Chapter 2 Purpose

This document defines the minimum requirements for the flight and technical fitness of rescue parachute sets and systems designed to rescue the pilot or the crew of a sports flying device (SFD).

2.1 Species

2.1.1 RESCUE PARACHUTE KIT

2.1.1.1 Rescue parachute set for one person and paraglider (PK)
2.1.1.2 Rescue parachute set for one person and hang glider (ZK) or powered paraglider without landing gear (PPG)
2.1.1.3 Rescue parachute set for two people (PK)

2.1.2 RESCUE PARACHUTE SYSTEM

2.1.2.1 Rescue parachute system for one person including SFD (ULA, ULLt, MPK, ULV)
2.1.2.2 Rescue parachute system for two people including SFD (ULA, ULLt, MPK, ULV)

2.21.2 General operating limits:

It must be proven that rescue parachute sets and systems meet the requirements of this regulation, thereby obtaining a Type Certificate.

A rescue parachute assembly or system may be type-certified for any operating weight and speed equal to or greater than: specified in paragraphs 2.3 and 2.4

2.3 Rescue parachute sets - definition

2.3.1 Rescue parachute set for one person and PK. The operating load must not be less than 80 kg a the limit opening speed must not be lower than 160 km/h EAS.

2.3.2 Rescue parachute set for one person including ZK or PPG. The operating load must not be less than 120 kg and the limit opening speed must not be less than 160 km/h EAS.

2.3.3 Rescue parachute set for two people. The operating load must not be less than 180 kg, must not be less than 90 kg for one harness and the opening speed limit must not be less than 160 km/h EAS.

2.4 Rescue parachute systems

2.4.1 Rescue parachute system for one person including ULA, ULLt, MPK, ULV. Operating load must not be less than the maximum take-off weight of the SFD, i.e. 90 kg of the pilot's weight and the maximum weight of the SFD including fuel. The opening speed must not be less than 160 km/h EAS.

2.4.2 Rescue parachute system for two persons including ULA, ULV, ULLt, MPK. The operating load must not be smaller than the maximum take-off weight of the SFD, i.e. 180 kg of crew weight and the maximum weight of the SFD including fuel. The opening speed must not be lower than 170 km/h EAS.

Chapter 3 Materials and design

It must ensure the reliable function of parachute sets and systems during normal use for a period of min. 36 months. They must be of a quality that has been proven to be suitable for the manufacture of parachutes documented by tests. All materials must maintain functionality when stored from -40°C to 90°C from 0 to 100% relative humidity. All electroplated components must be processed to minimize hydrogen embrittlement.

Chapter 4 Requirements

4.1 Design and construction

4.1.1 The design of the operational strength load of the structure must correspond to the designed load multiplied by the safety factor k=1,5. The materials must be designed to withstand without permanent deformation the loads prescribed by the regulation, the standard, and the successful passing of the tests for the license.

4.1.2 Sewing must be of such a type that it does not fray when the thread breaks.

4.2 Markings

All information must be legibly and permanently marked on each main component, in a place where there is minimal possibility of erasure (parachute cover, container, canopy, activation device)

The information must include:

a) type designation
b) production number
c) name and address of the manufacturer
d) date of manufacture (month and year)
e) Type Certificate number
f) operational restrictions

Other components (carrying harnesses, connecting straps, etc.) must be marked:

a) type designation
b) production number
c) date of manufacture
d) on behalf of the manufacturer

4.3 Proficiency Tests

4.3.1 Primary activation device (releaser, release cables and needles) including all connections must withstand without failure test load and comply with the following requirements:

• release cable: axial load with a force of 1330 N for 3 s
• needles: they must not be deformed by a force of 35 N applied perpendicular to the axis of the needle for 3 s
• release control force test: the force acting on the release handle or functionally equivalent component in the direction in which the control force is the smallest must not be less than 22 N and must not be greater than 98 N in the direction in which the control force is the largest and must cause reliable and rapid activation of the rescue complex or system. The cable and needles must be sealed as in service during the test. Rescue parachute sets must be tested in the flight position, sets for two people with a strapped passenger.

 4.3.2 Drop test of the inner package with the canopy of the rescue parachute complex: must be tested by a representative group of 6 people on the ground in a suspended harness. These persons must be able to operate the equipment without difficulty. Two-person rescue parachute sets must be tested with a strapped passenger. The kit must allow the inner package with the canopy to be thrown in the most favorable direction in the unpacked state, and the canopy must be released at a safe distance from the SFD by the canopy's own weight with cords.

4.3.3 Outer packaging (container): must provide reliable protection against mechanical damage and weather effects. Its accidental release must be excluded. The packages (containers) mounted on the ULL airframe must withstand the considered overload and vibrations during ULL operation without deformations (landing impact of the stall speed according to the ULL airworthiness requirement).

4.3.4 Environmental impact and package compression test: two tests must be performed at min. applicable speeds and operating weights. For a period of 16 hours, cool the set or system to a temperature of -40°C or lower, let it settle to the ambient temperature and carry out a drop with a test load, or a shot of a functional test of the system on a test vehicle. Heat to a temperature of +50°C for 16 hours, let it settle to ambient temperature, load the parachute cover with a force of min. 800 N for 150 hours so that the load simulates the use of the set. Perform an opening test with a test load. The test does not need to be carried out if commonly produced materials are used for these purposes from renowned companies and have already proven themselves in practice.

4.3.5 Strength test: no material(s) or shock-absorbing device may be used that is not an integral part of the rescue kit, system, or component for which a certificate is not issued. The tests are carried out with a complete rescue, parachute set-system. During the tests, defects in material, sewing, or functions affecting the suitability of the rescue parachute set-system must not be detected. The opening force must be measured in all tests at the point of connection with the test load. The parachute must be functionally opened at the time it is used in service. Parachute sets - rescue parachute systems must be tested according to the following schedule:

4.3.5.1 Rescue parachute sets (A)

A - 1 rescue parachute set for one person and PG - test load weight = 80 kg or more according to 1.9. +10% Test speed at the time of commissioning – 170 km/h. The type certificate is issued for an operating weight of 80 kg or more and an operating speed of 160 km/h EAS.
A - 2 rescue kit for one person including PG, ZK and PPG - test load weight = 120 kg or more according to 1.9. +10% Test speed at the time of commissioning = 170 km/h. The type certificate is issued for an operating weight of 120 kg or more and an operating speed of 160 km/h EAS.
A - 3 rescue parachute set - two-person system PG - load test weight = 180 kg or more according to 1.9. +10% Test speed at the time of commissioning = 170 km/h. The type certificate will be issued for an operating weight of 180 kg or more and an operating speed of 160 km/h EAS.

4.3.5.2 Rescue parachute systems (B)

B - 1 rescue parachute system for one person ULA, ULV, ULLt and MPK – load test weight = max. operational load or greater according to 1.9. Test speed at time of commissioning = 170 km/h or higher. The type certificate is issued for a verified maximum operating load and an operating speed of 170 km/h EAS or higher.
B - 2 rescue parachute system up to 450 kg ULA, ULV, ULLt and MPK – load test weight = max. operating load or greater according to 1.9. Test speed at time of commissioning = 180 km/h or higher. The type certificate will be issued for a verified maximum operating load and operating speed of 170 km/h EAS or higher.
B - 3 the rescue parachute system for a take-off weight above 450 kg to 525 kg is tested with a test load according to the considered operating weight. Test weight = max. take-off according to 1.9. Test speed = max operating speed limit x 1,05. The type certificate is issued for the considered maximum operating weight and maximum operating speed.

Note:
A minimum of 3 tests (drops) must be performed with each rescue parachute set (system). An unused parachute canopy can be used for each test if the k system is intended for single use.

4.3.6 Sinking tests

4.3.6.1 A – Rescue parachute sets: for all types of parachute sets, at least 5 drops must be performed with a test load (or a jump with a person) whose weight is equal to the maximum operating weight. The average speed of descent must not be higher than 6,8 m/s for sets for 2 persons ZKa PPG and 7,3 m/s for 1 person PG converted to MSA. The slope measurement must be carried out at an interval of at least 30 m from the ground. These exams can be combined with other exams of this part.
4.3.6.2 B – Rescue parachute systems: for all types, at least 3 drops must be performed with a test load whose weight is equal to the maximum operating weight. The average speed of descent must not be higher than 6,8 m/s for parachute systems ULA, ULV, ULLt, MPK converted to MSA. The slope measurement must be carried out at an interval of at least 30 m from the ground. These exams can be combined with other exams of this part.

4.3.7 Stability tests

4.3.7.1 A – Rescue parachute sets- 3 load tests must be performed +0%, -20% of operating weight. The swing must not exceed 15°. from vertical in configuration to parachute opening. These exams can be combined with other exams of this part.
4.3.7.2 B – Rescue systems- 3 tests must be performed with a load of min. operating weight. The sway must not exceed 15° from the vertical in the configuration after the parachute is opened. These exams can be combined with other exams of this part. The canopy must demonstrate the characteristics of damping swings of a maximum deviation of 15° from the vertical.

4.3.8 Test of the minimum safe height of use

4.3.8.1 A – Rescue parachute sets – Test of the minimum safe height of use: 3 tests must be carried out with the maximum operating weight of the load according to 1.9. at min. operating speed. Descent time on a fully open parachute must be min. 2s. The maximum allowable time to open the canopy is 3s or less.
4.3.8.2 B – Rescue parachute systems – Test of the minimum safe height of use: 2 tests must be carried out with the maximum operating weight of the load according to 1.9. at min. operating speed. Descent time on a fully open parachute must be min. 2s and point 1.1.4 must be fulfilled. The maximum allowable time for opening the parachute is 3 seconds. and increases for parachutes with a maximum operating weight greater than 400 Kg by 0,01 s for each kilogram. Point 4.3.9 applies to rescue parachute systems activated by a rocket engine or an equivalent activation device.

4.3.9 Performance test of the rescue parachute system when activated by a rocket motor or equivalent activation device

The tests are performed with a complete ZPS prepared for use in the SFD. (It must correspond to the layout of the ZPS in the SFD). The connecting elements (ropes) of the ZPS designed to be attached to the SFD are attached to the test vehicle with a breaking member with a strength of 2/3 of the strength found during the test according to point 4.3.5. (if applicable, a pulling load of 50% of the maximum operating weight detected by the above-mentioned tearing member is used). The container (parachute cover) of the ZPS with the activation device must be fixed at an angle of 90 ° to the longitudinal and transverse axes of flight (the direction of travel of the test vehicle) so that the activation of the canopy extension guarantees the overcoming of an obstacle 2 m high at a distance of 4 m measured from the plane of the container closure (container with canopy). This test is performed 1 x at a speed of 100 km/h. (relative speed is measured).

Further tests are carried out twice at a speed of Vi max. = 2 km/h. From the result of the opening time of the ZPS canopy (from launch to complete filling of the canopy, see point 60.), the minimum safe height of use for the required speed is determined according to the formula:

H₀ = H_z – / 1/2 g . t_o² / : 2

MBV = minimum safe height
H₀ = MBV to the rescue
H_z = height at the moment of starting the ZPS
g = gravitational acceleration
t_o = canopy opening time
VRK = vertical rate of descent found during the test according to point 4.3.6
m_T = height in meters above ground
t_kl = descent time on the open canopy

 Example: H_z = 50 m_T, T_o = 4 s

A height of 50 mT is suitable for Vi = 60 km/h.

The type certificate will be issued for a rescue MBV of 60 mT horizontally flying SFD at a speed of 60 km/h.

Chapter 5 Documentation

For verification and tests, drawing and operational documentation must be provided together with the product.

5.1 Drawing documentation must contain drawings of assemblies and important components, including material sheets, certificates, material test reports, reference labels, etc.

5.2 Operational documentation must contain technical description and technical data, product limitations and instructions for operation and maintenance. According to this documentation, the product will be verified.

5.2.1 Rescue systems with power element (RM) they must be secured against inadvertent activation of the power element. It must have a fuse to secure the SFD out of operation.

5.2.2 Power Element (RM) Activated Rescue System User containing an amount of explosive mixture exceeding the legal minimum, must be instructed that this device is an explosive by law and must be handled accordingly.