UV 3

Content

TITLE 1. - INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS
TITLE 2. – THEORETICAL PREPARATION FOR PILOT QUALIFICATION
TITLE 3. – PRACTICAL TRAINING SCHEME FOR PILOT QUALIFICATION
TITLE 4. – PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR PILOT QUALIFICATION
TITLE 5. – EXAMINATION FOR OBTAINING PILOT QUALIFICATIONS
TITLE 6. – RE-TRAINING FOR A DIFFERENT TYPE
TITLE 7. – INSTRUCTOR QUALIFICATION TRAINING
TITLE 8. – VFR CONTROLLED FLIGHT QUALIFICATION TRAINING
TITLE 9. – TEST PILOT QUALIFICATION TRAINING
TITLE 10. – EVALUATION AND RECORDS OF TRAINING
TITLE 11. – TRAINING RELIEF
TITLE 12. - APPENDICES

TITLE 1. INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS

 1.1. This ultralight autogyrocraft (ULV) pilot training curriculum determines the content, sequence, methodology of preparation and training for ULV. The use of the training curriculum by other operators is possible only with the consent of the LAA CR.

1.2. This training syllabus is binding for all students, pilots, instructors and inspectors who carry out or conduct flight training under the authority of the LAA CR.

1.3. An ultralight autogyrocraft intended for dual-crew flight training must have full dual controls and the following minimum instrumentation: speedometer, altimeter, variometer, compass, engine tachometer, autogyro tachometer, and on-board intercom. A spinner must be approved for training by an LAA CR technician inspector.

1.4. The ULV must have a valid technical license issued by the LAA of the Czech Republic and take out liability insurance for damages caused by operation.

1.5. A student can be enrolled in training at the age of 15, and a pilot's license can be issued at the age of 16. For persons under the age of 18, the written consent of both parents or legal guardians is required. Individual flights can be made after reaching the age of 16.

1.6. A condition for starting practical training is a valid medical certificate of medical fitness.

1.7. Training can be carried out in pilot training centers or individually by an instructor after approval by the traffic inspector. In the personal sheet, it is necessary to indicate in which center the training took place, for individual training, the written consent of the relevant traffic inspector is required in the personal sheet before the practical training begins. This traffic inspector will then conduct a pilot test.

1.8. The instructor conducting the training is responsible for following the procedures of the training curriculum.

1.9. The person in charge of the relevant pilot training center is responsible for compliance with the conditions set by regulation LA 1, the training curriculum, for the maintenance of the SFD, for the fulfillment of binding regulations and for keeping the documentation of the pilot training center.

1.10. Training within the pilot training center must be documented in the pilot training center's main flight book. It must list each flight with at least the following details: flight date, SFD type, SFD license plate, crew names, flight time, number of take-offs, exercises.

1.11. The flight logbook must be archived for the duration of the operation or validity of the pilot training center's authorization.

1.12. The instructor conducting the training must have available in printed form:

1) teaching aids and publications for training,
2) LAA CR regulations:

a. LA 1,
b. LA 2,

3) flying rules L 2, UL 1,
4) UV 3 training syllabus,
5) a map of the Czech Republic with valid flight information,
6) Act No. 49/1997 Coll. and Decree No. 108/1997 Coll. to the necessary extent and valid wording.

1.13. During the practical training, he must have available:

1) means for providing first aid,
2) telephone for calling medical assistance,
3) extinguishing agents,
4) wind direction and strength indicator.

1.14. The instructor keeps training documentation in the form of a personal sheet during the training.

1.15. Before starting practical training, the student must be familiar with ULV at least to the following extent:

1) technical description,
2) flight manual,
3) operation and maintenance,
4) pre-flight inspection,
5) on-board training,
6) important actions,
7) emergency procedures.

1.16. When evaluating students in the practical part of the training, instructors are required to use the following grading scale:

1 excellent without errors,
2 very good minor errors corrected correctly and in a timely manner,
3 well errors are corrected,
4 insufficient errors corrected late or not at all.

1.17. The number of flights and hours in the training curriculum are minimal. The actual number of flights will be decided by the instructor based on the mastery of the required habits and skills by the student.

1.18. The instructor allows the student to progress to the next exercise according to the syllabus only if the student manages the previous exercise.

1.19. Before each practical exercise of the training curriculum containing new elements, the instructor performs ground preparation with the student to such an extent that the student's perfect understanding of the exercise is ensured. Or whenever the instructor deems it necessary.

1.20. The student can fly for a maximum of 4 hours during one flight day.

1.21. A maximum of 2 instructors can participate in the practical training of the student.

1.22. The student may not perform solo flights without the supervision of an instructor.

1.23. A student may not participate in more than one type of flight training at the same time.

1.24. The final test is carried out by the traffic inspector.

1.25. An instructor conducting training at an airport with an AFIS service must hold an Airborne Radio Operator License - at least a Limited Certificate.

1.26. The training is carried out in the sequence determined by these training curricula.

1.27. The student's first solo flight is authorized by the instructor who led his training and has a comprehensive overview of the student's state of knowledge and abilities.

1.28. The student must make the first independent flight on the day of the test, max. 1 hour after the test flight.

1.29. Operation during training is organized according to UL-1 Procedures. The instructor is responsible for compliance. Acquaintance with the operational regulations of the area or the airport regulations is part of the pre-flight and ground preparation before starting the practical training. The instructor is responsible for carrying out sufficient ground and pre-flight preparation.

1.30. If the student does not manage the specified exercises even after three times the minimum number of flights and hours, the instructor is obliged to ask the traffic inspector to check the student, who will determine the next procedure training of this pupil.

1.31. The student must undergo a check flight before the next independent flight after a break in flying longer than 8 days or whenever the instructor deems it appropriate.

1.32. Students who have practical experience of flying at the MZK must, before starting the practical part of the training, undergo extended ground training under the guidance of an instructor to acquire the ability to safely control the sense of ULV control deviations. Without verification of this ability, the instructor may not start practical training.

1.33. Meteorological conditions during training must correspond to the conditions of VFR flights according to Procedures UL-1 and the flight manual of the given ULV. For the first solo flight, visibility must be at least 5 km, cloud base at least 500 m and wind up to 3 m / sec with a maximum deviation of 30° from the VPD axis in the direction against take-off. Individual navigation flights can be conducted with visibility of at least 8 km in stable weather without the possibility of showers or thunderstorms. During the entire training, the instructor is responsible for assessing the suitability of meteorological conditions for the given level of training.

1.34. During pilot training, up to and including pilot tests, the type of training autogyrocraft must not be changed. If it is impossible to continue training on the original type, it is possible after familiarization with the ULV and type retraining to complete training on a different type of autogyrocraft.

1.35. The practical part of the training can only be started after completing at least 21 hours of theoretical instruction, of which 6 hours of Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics, 2 hours of ULV Construction and Construction, 6 hours of Aviation Regulations and UL Procedures, 2 hours of Air Navigation, 2 hours of Aviation Meteorology, 2 hours Engines, propellers, instruments, 1 hour Connecting regulation. For verifying and confirming the minimum knowledge of the mentioned subjects is the responsibility of the instructor.

1.36. The area for conducting practical training must have minimum dimensions of 35 x 400 meters. If the ULV flight manual does not specify greater.

1.37. An applicant with a ULV Pilot qualification, or a student who holds a valid Restricted License after completing the training curriculum, can be included in the training to obtain the VFR Controlled Flight qualification air mobile service radio operators or RTF general license.

1.38. During practical training, the student pilot always occupies the seat designated by the flight manual of the relevant type of ULV as the pilot's seat.

TITLE 2. THEORETICAL PREPARATION FOR PILOT QUALIFICATION

2.1. Theoretical preparation is the first part of ULV pilot training. It is carried out by an instructor or lecturers with adequate knowledge of the given subject. Participation in this training is evaluated and recorded by the instructor leading the training in the pupil's personal sheet. The sequence of theoretical training must be such that a correct understanding of the material of the given subject is always ensured in sufficient training.

2.2. Required scope of theoretical teaching:

2.3. Areas of required knowledge:

2.3.1. Aerodynamics and flight mechanics

1) Formation of aerodynamic forces when bodies are wrapped around.
2) Laminar and turbulent flow.
3) Laminar and turbulent flow.
4) Continuity equation, Bernoulli equation, static, dynamic and total pressure.
5) Which devices work based on the Bernoulli equation.
6) Formation of lift on the airfoil and autogyro.
7) Types of profiles, their properties and use in the construction of autogyrocraft.
8) autogyro autorotation mode, force components, action
9) Total resistance and its components: shape, induced, interference, friction and harmful.
10) What is the resistance of a motor autogyro overcome.
11) Static and dynamic, longitudinal and lateral stability.
12) Center of gravity of the autogyro, its detection, suspension test.
13) Gyroscope control, functions, advantages and disadvantages.
14) Balance of forces in steady horizontal powered flight, climb and gliding flight.
15) Propeller aerodynamics-modes, revolutions, flight speed, pitch, number of blades, diameter, efficiency.
16) The difference between the work of a fixed and adjustable propeller, the reaction and gyroscopic moment of the propeller.
17) Individual phases of takeoff and landing.
18) Influence of take-off weight, altitude, temperature, wind direction and number of autogyro revolutions during pre-spinning on autogyrocraft performance and required VPD length.
19) Balance of forces in a steady horizontal turn.
20) Load multiplier, flight envelopes, operational and numerical loads, safety factor.
21) Piloting technique in individual flight modes.

2.3.2. Building and construction

1) ULV construction materials.
2) Requirements for the quality of materials for ULV construction
3) Types of stress on individual parts of the ULV structure.
4) Material fatigue and wear of the main parts of the structure.
5) Use of types of material in ULV construction, advantages, disadvantages.
6) Types of landing gear and their construction.
7) Fuel systems, functions, designs and their parts.
8) Filling the ULV with fuel and safety measures.
9) Electrical installation in ULV.
10) Certificates and tests of strength, used in the construction of ULV in LAA CR.
11) Construction supervision during the construction of ULV in LAA CR.
12) Scope of documentation for the construction of an individual amateur ULV and during its operation.
13) Types of licenses, their extension and loss of validity.
14) Use of hydraulic systems, basic principle of operation.
15) Engine test, handling of ULV, disassembly and assembly, parking, mooring.

2.3.3. Aviation Regulations, Procedures

1) Who can fly to ULV in the Czech Republic.
2) Conditions for obtaining and renewing a ULV pilot's license.
3) Types of ULV flying qualifications and their acquisition.
4) Responsibility for compliance with the conditions for ULV flights.
5) Obtaining information by the pilot for the safe execution of the flight.
6) Division and procedure of training according to UV-3.
7) Altitude and space limitations for unscheduled ULV flights.
8) Rules for avoiding, preventing collisions.
9) Interpretation of the terms ATZ, CTR, TMA, AFIS, LKR, LKP, TRA, TSA and flights in these areas.
10) Classification of the airspace of the Czech Republic.
11) Types of prohibited and restricted spaces and their activation.
12) Types of markings on the airport and VPD signage area.
13) ULV operation according to Regulation L 2.
14) Work with AIP, NOTAM, Aviation Circular, basic abbreviations, Aviation Act 49/1997 sb., Decree – 108/1997 sb.
15) Meteorological limits for ULV flights.
16) Conditions for VFR flight according to UL-1.
17) Procedures LA-1, LA-2, LA 3.
18) Conditions for ULV arrival at AFIS airport.
19) ULV pre-flight inspection.
20) Starting the ULV engine.
21) Selection of the flight route, going around and flying over obstacles.
22) Separate ULV operation, surface parameters and obstacle planes.
23) Traffic control, the right to withdraw the ULV pilot's license.
24) Procedures for setting the altimeter.
25) Conditions for using the radio station in ULV flight operations.
26) Level, visibility, flight visibility.
27) Joint operation of SFD, including ULVs and aircraft at the AFIS airport.
28) Types of airports in the Czech Republic.
29) Basic conditions of ULV eligibility according to UL-2, part IV.
30) Airlift and winch operation.
31) Airborne flights and helicopter flights.
32) Signaling of the starter - flags.

2.3.4. Air navigation

1) Shape and dimensions of the globe, parallels and meridians.
2) Latitude and longitude, types of navigation while flying.
3) Time zones on the ground, use of time in aviation, UTC, CET, SEL.
4) Sunrise and sunset - shift in seasons.
5) Large and small circles on the ground.
6) Loxodroma and orthodroma.
7) Maps – scales, types of display of the topographical situation.
8) Comparative navigation.
9) Navigation preparation, calculation of times and speeds, wind effects.
10) Compass – its use, principle, deviation, declination, magnetic and geographical course.
11) Isogones, agones.
12) Solution of vector triangle.
13) Procedures in case of loss of orientation.
14) Action radius, its definition and detection.

2.3.5. Aviation meteorology

1) Earth's atmosphere, composition, vertical division.
2) Pressure, temperature and air density, course with height.
3) Pressure formations, air mass circulation.
4) Cold and warm front, occlusion, stationary front.
5) Wind, formation, speed, measurement, turbulence and lee.
6) Eddy, autogyro, wave flow and its dangers for ULV flights.
7) Formation of storms, danger to flying.
8) Types of clouds and types of clouds and their significance for flying.
9) Quantities measured during meteorological output, graph.
10) Saturated and unsaturated air mass, dew point.
11) Conditions for the formation of icing, critical places.
12) Determination of visibility, phenomena affecting visibility.
13) Basic meteorological abbreviations and codes.
14) Aviation meteorological forecasts, their names and meaning.
15) Importance of knowledge of meteorology for flying.

2.3.6. Engines, propellers, instruments

1) Two-stroke and four-stroke engine duty cycle.
2) Composition and preparation of the mixture sucked into the cylinders.
3) Two-stroke and four-stroke engine lubrication methods.
4) Methods of cooling petrol engines.
5) Types of ignition of gasoline engines.
6) Carburetor-principle, advantages and disadvantages.
7) Fuel injection - types, principle, advantages and disadvantages.
8) Fuel systems, types, description, advantages and disadvantages.
9) Characteristic failures of engines in ULV and their causes.
10) Effects on performance, reliability and lifetime of engines used in ULV.
11) Storing the engine in the ULV structure - the necessity of securing the parts before falling into the propeller.
12) Engine controls in ULV.
13) Importance of warming up the engine before take-off.
14) Types of reducers, meaning, advantages and disadvantages.
15) Fixed propeller - construction, materials, advantages and disadvantages.
16) Propeller that can be set on the ground - construction, materials, functions, advantages and disadvantages.
17) Propeller adjustable in flight - construction, functions, advantages and disadvantages.
18) Propeller balancing, influence, meaning, measurement.
19) Propeller gyroscopic and reaction moment.
20) Types of stress on the propeller in flight.
21) Propeller attachment principles.
22) Aviation instruments and their distribution.
23) Measurement of static and total pressure, Pitot and Venturi tubes.
24) Principles of speedometers, types, description of construction and operation.
25) Principle of the altimeter, description of construction, adjustment to the given pressure.
26) Principles of variometers, types, description of construction and operation.
27) Principle and construction of a magnetic compass, errors and their compensation.
28) Principle and construction of relative transverse inclinometer and flywheel tachometer.

2.3.7. Connecting regulation

1) Radiotelephone connection, voice speech, spelling alphabet, broadcast of numbers.
2) Words and phrases.
3) Telling time.
4) Establishing and terminating a radio connection.
5) Test broadcast, readability scale.
6) Blind broadcast, priority order.
7) Call signs of air stations and aircraft.
8) Abbreviated aircraft call signs, corrections and repetitions.
9) Emergency procedures, frequencies, emergency and emergency radio traffic.
10) Operation of an aircraft in distress, operation of other aircraft.
11) Imposing silence, canceling distress.

TITLE 3. PRACTICAL TRAINING SCHEME FOR PILOT QUALIFICATION

TITLE 4. PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR PILOT QUALIFICATION

Each practical exercise of the Syllabus is preceded by ground preparation led by the instructor to the extent that ensures perfect understanding of the exercise by the student. The preparation is done no later than one day before the practical exercise.

4.1. Exercises. 1.: Familiarization flight.

Practice methodology:

The instructor familiarizes the student with the behavior of the autogyrocraft in various flight modes, the shape and size of the circuit, and important landmarks around the airport while flying around the circuit and in space. Demonstrates and comments to the student on individual steering interventions, changes in flight speed and the autogyrocraft's response to them. Minimum flight altitude is 1000 ft / 300 m AGL.

The familiarization flight is not evaluated by the instructor.

4.2. Exercises. 2.: Practice flight in space to practice the basic elements of piloting

Practice methodology:

Instruktor demonstrates to the student how to control a autogyrocraft and the effect of a rudder. Introduces the student to the size of deflections needed to keep the autogyrocraft in straight flight. It also demonstrates the effects of longitudinal balance and autogyro response to engine mode changes. The training is carried out in climb, horizon and descent modes.
Disciple tries to keep the autogyrocraft in straight flight, in all given modes, according to the instructor's instructions.
Minimum flight altitude is 1000 ft / 300 m AGL.

Terms of fulfillment: The student is able to keep the airplane in straight flight without significant fluctuations in speed, pitch and height.

Instruktor will show the student the correct execution of turns.
Disciple tries to execute turns correctly and end them in the specified direction. At the same time, he tries to keep the flight speed and pitch from fluctuating. Part of the exercise is practicing making turns in given directions using a compass. Before each turn, the student visually checks the space in which he wants to make the turn.
Minimum flight altitude is 1000 ft / 300 m AGL.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently makes turns in the given directions without significant fluctuations in height, speed and inclination.

4.3. Exercises. 3.: Practice flights around the circuit - longer take-off run

Practice methodology:

Instruktor will show the student the correct piloting during take-off, circling and landing. Initially, he uses smaller autogyro pre-spinning speeds so that the student is forced to maintain the take-off direction for a longer period of time before the autogyro comes off. It is especially focused on unsticking, performing a takeoff, obtaining the correct speed for climb, the shape of the circuit, the flight height in individual parts of the circuit, performing the correct landing budget without the need for further adjustments to the angle of descent with the engine. When performing the budget, it draws the student's attention to the effect of wind, the length of the VPD, the possibility of ground turbulence and other effects that must be taken into account for the correct estimation of landing conditions. It reminds the student of the need to maintain the speed up to the leveling height, so that it is not necessary to make further corrections with the engine during the leveling.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently performs take-off, circuit flight, landing and important actions.

4.4. Exercises. 4.: Practice flights around the circuit - shorter take-off run

Practice methodology:

Instruktor will demonstrate to the student the correct piloting during take-off, circling flight and landing with greater prespinning of the autogyro. It is especially focused on unsticking, performing a takeoff, obtaining the correct speed for climb, the shape of the circuit, the flight height in individual parts of the circuit, performing the correct landing budget without the need for further adjustments to the angle of descent with the engine. When performing the budget, he draws the student's attention to the effect of wind, the length of the VPD, the possibility of ground turbulence and other effects that must be taken into account for the correct estimation of landing conditions. It draws the student's attention to the change in the effectiveness of the rudder when the speed of the autogyro changes and the speed of the propeller changes.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently performs take-off, circuit flight, landing and important actions.

4.5. Exercises. 5.: Take-off and landing practice, error correction

Practice methodology:

Instruktor he will show the pupil the activity for correcting a high undercut, correcting long and short budget, rebound and floating, let the pupils deliberately perform long and short budget and their correction. The instructor will perform an intentional bounce and float to the student and let the student correct them.

Terms of fulfillment: The student is able to independently correct an incorrect budget as well as a high undercut, rebound and float.

4.6. Exercises. 6.: Flight at minimum speed, ascending turns, figure eights

Practice methodology:

Instruktor will demonstrate the flight modes to the student. Disciple they practice them until they acquire the habits for their safe execution. Furthermore, the student repeats the piloting exercise in the entire range at the speed of the autogyrocraft. It focuses on autogyrocraft control at low flight speeds. Instruktor the student practices downward, horizontal and upward turns and eights. He makes sure that disciple before each turn, he performed a visual check of the clearance of the space into which he wants to make the turn.
Recommended flight altitude 1000 ft / 300 m to 1600 ft / 500 m AGL, must not be less than 1000 ft / 300 m AGL.

Terms of fulfillment: The student safely manages the piloting in the entire range at the speed of the autogyrocraft, performs a visual check of the clearance of the space before entering the turns and performs the turns according to the instructions without significant deviations.

4.7. Exercises. 7th: Safety landing practice

Practice methodology:

Instruktor the student exercises on a suitably selected area in the field with the engine running. Disciple performs a selection, inspection of the area and a landing maneuver at the instruction of the instructor, at the end of which he does not land on the area, but interrupts the maneuver at a safe height above the ground by adding gas. The instructor evaluates the correctness of the selection of the surface and the correctness of the maneuver performed by the student. When practicing a safety landing, it is allowed to inspect the area in a fly-by after a previous evaluation of the slope of the terrain and obstacles at a height not lower than 20 m AGL.

Terms of fulfillment: Disciple is able to correctly select a suitable area and safely perform its inspection, landing budget using engine power.

4.8. Exercises. 8.: Practicing an emergency landing.

Practice methodology:

Instruktor in the space between LA 2nd and 4th circuit turns, the student will pull back the throttle and budget so that he lands on the VPD without further use of the engine. The student repeats this activity until mastery. In doing so, the instructor withdraws the gas and does not inform the student in advance of the moment of withdrawal of the gas. At least the last three flights out of the specified minimum of 10 flights must be performed with the engine completely shut down.
After mastering the emergency landing at the airport, the instructor and the student will fly in the area outside the airport circuit. The instructor reduces engine power to idle without prior notice. Disciple reacts to a simulated engine shutdown, selects an area for landing, performs a budget and approach to a targeted area on which it does not land.
The instructor is responsible for the safety of the entry, especially with regard to the flight height, the position of the autogyrocraft on the circuit, the direction and strength of the wind and other operating conditions. Practice for an emergency landing in terrain outside an approved aerodrome or SFD area must be completed at a safe height above the ground.

Terms of fulfillment: The student budgets correctly into the designated section of the VPD without using engine power to correct the angle of descent. It is capable of safely controlling a autogyrocraft and performing budget and landing in engine-off flight.
When flying in space, he is able to select a suitable area and make the correct budget for it.

4.9. Exercises. 9th: Crosswind landing.

Practice methodology:

Instruktor the student will practice landing with a crosswind at the maximum force allowed for the given type of autogyrocraft. It focuses on the elimination of drift. After the student has mastered the axis of descent, he adds the practice of slightly stepping on the rudder in the final phase of lowering so that the autogyro lands parallel to the VPD. Explain to the student the misalignment of the autogyro relative to the VPD axis depending on the size of the side wind component. Disciple practices elimination of wind drift during descent, alignment, dismount and run-up.

Terms of fulfillment: Disciple is able to properly hold the descent heading for a crosswind landing and offset the autogyro misalignment before landing.

4.10. Exercises. 10.: Flight with covered instruments.

Practice methodology:

Instruktor the student repeats the behavior of the autogyrocraft at different flight speeds and performs a flight with the student with the instruments covered. Disciple must maintain the speed in a safe range even without the help of instruments, especially its reserve during descent and landing. It must be able to make correct turns and correctly determine whether the aircraft is climbing or descending.

Terms of fulfillment: Disciple safely controls the gyroplane without the use of instruments. During practice, it is possible to fly with covered instruments, or the student uses special glasses that limit the pilot's angle of vision.

4.11. Exercises. 11.: Check before the first independent flight.

Methodology:

Instruktor the student will perform a check flight, during which the focus will be on checking the student's ability to control the autogyrocraft in all flight modes. In particular, he pays attention to take-off, endurance, maintaining airspeed, making turns, flying at lower speeds, correct budgeting, correct and complete alignment, and mastering autogyrocraft and stalling. During the test flight, the instructor will check the student's reaction to engine shutdown. If during this flight he evaluates the student in all the listed elements with a grade no worse than 2, i.e. very good, he will allow the student to take the first independent flight. Before this solo flight, the student will discuss all the differences in the behavior of the autogyrocraft when manned solo, especially drawing attention to the greater excess of power, evident during take-off and climb, and to a different landing profile with longer endurance. Furthermore, the instructor will draw the student's attention to the action when the engine is shut down in all phases of the circuit flight. If the student shows signs of stress and uncertainty before the first solo flight, the instructor will assign another flight in a double. The student's uncertainty is usually caused by a poor mastery of some element of the piloting technique. In principle, the first independent flight is permitted on the autogyrocraft with which the student completed the training and no later than one hour after the end of the test flight.

Terms of fulfillment: Disciple safely handles take-off, circling and landing.

4.12. Exercises. 12th: Independent flight around the circuit.

Practice methodology:

After completing the test flight performed by the student take-off and circle flight according to the instructions of the instructor, who monitors the flight and evaluates the ground. If there are no obvious piloting errors during this flight, the instructor will allow two more flights of this exercise. Radio communication between instructor and student is recommended.

Terms of fulfillment: Rating 1 to 2 according to the scale.

4.13. Exercises. 13th: Control flight.

Practice methodology:

After successfully completing three separate flights of the previous exercise instructor with student control flight, during which he verifies the acquisition of correct habits in the student's piloting technique. It alerts the student to piloting errors, maintaining the flight height, the shape of the circuit, or other deviations and inaccuracies.

Terms of fulfillment: Rating 1 to 2 in all elements.

4.14. Exercises. 14th: Separate flight in space to practice piloting

Practice methodology:

Disciple performs at least one flight in the airport area, which is used to consolidate habits in piloting technique. Radio communication with an instructor on the ground who monitors and evaluates the flight is recommended.

Terms of fulfillment: Rating 1 to 2 in all elements.

4.15. Exercises. 15th: Independent flight around the circuit.

Practice methodology:

Disciple will perform thirty separate take-offs and landings on the circuit. These are used to consolidate habits in the piloting technique. Radio communication with an instructor on the ground who monitors and evaluates flights is recommended.

Terms of fulfillment: Rating 1 to 2 in all elements.

4.16. Exercise. 16.: Budget exercise.

Practice methodology:

Landing budget training is performed disciple separately to the airport area according to the instructor's instructions, by lowering the throttle at the specified location and altitude on the circuit and performing the budget up to 1/3 VPD without further use of engine power, including landing. Instruktor is responsible for the safety of the assignment with regard to the flight height and the position of the autogyrocraft on the circuit, the direction and strength of the wind, the possibility of undercooling the engine during descent and the operating conditions at the airport. The student exercises the budget. If the budget is executed incorrectly, the student interrupts the exercise at a safe flight level by adding gas and repeats the exercise until mastered. Radio connection recommended.

Terms of fulfillment: Disciple independently budgets for landing to 1/3 VPD without descent angle corrections using engine power.

4.17. Exercises. 17th: Control flight.

Practice methodology:

After successful completion of the previous exercise, he will perform instructor with student control flight, during which he verifies the acquisition of correct habits in the student's piloting technique. It alerts the student to piloting errors, maintaining the flight height, the shape of the circuit, or other deviations and inaccuracies.

Terms of fulfillment: Rating 1 to 2 in all elements.

4.18. Exercise 18.: Navigation flight 150 km with stopover

A navigational flight along a triangular route with a stopover at two foreign airports with a minimum length of 150 km and a minimum duration of 2 hours, taking into account the possibility of refueling. If the on-board radio station is used during navigation training, make at least one flight (takeoff and landing) to an airport where the AFIS service is provided. All conditions must be met.

Practice methodology:

Instruktor gives the student a route with a stopover at a foreign airport. Disciple independently, under the supervision of an instructor, complete navigation preparation for flight along the specified route. Instruktor evaluates the preparation and performs the flight together with the student, while not interfering with piloting or navigation. The condition for completing the task is the student's ability to pilot safely and at the same time correctly navigate the route, approach and land at a foreign airport. In case of loss of orientation or major deviations from the planned flight path, the flight must be evaluated as incomplete. The fuel supply must be such as to allow the planned flight (arms of the triangle) to be carried out and continued for another 20 minutes.
Flight height 1000 ft / 300 m AGL, minimum flight visibility 8 km.

Terms of fulfillment: Rating 1 to 2 in piloting and navigation techniques.

4.19. Exercises. 19th: Navigation flight of 100 km with a stopover

A navigational flight of 100 km along a triangular route with a stopover at a foreign airport, with a minimum length of 100 km and a minimum duration of 1 hour, taking into account the possibility of refueling. All conditions must be met.

Practice methodology:

Instruktor gives the student a route with a stopover at a foreign airport. Disciple performs navigation preparation, which the instructor evaluates. Disciple performs a navigation flight with an instructor according to preparation. Instruktor checks compliance with calculated times and course. The fuel supply must be such as to allow the planned flight (arms of the triangle) to be carried out and continued for another 20 minutes. Flight height 1000 ft / 300 m AGL, minimum flight visibility 8 km.

Terms of fulfillment: Rating 1 to 2 in piloting and navigation techniques.

4.20. Exercises. 20th: Navigation flight 100 km, alone, with stopover

Navigation solo flight 100 km along a triangular route with a stopover at a foreign airport, with a minimum length of 100 km and a minimum duration of 1 hour, taking into account the possibility of refueling. All conditions must be met.

Practice methodology:

Instruktor gives the student a route with a stopover at a foreign airport. The assignment is the same as exercise no. 19. The only change is that the student performs this flight independently. The instructor checks the correctness and completeness of the student's navigation preparation and allows the flight to be carried out. It is not possible to plan a stopover on an area where the presence of trained personnel is not ensured. Minimum flight visibility of 8 km, without the possibility of showers or thunderstorms. Flight altitude 1000 ft / 300 m AGL. The fuel supply must be such as to allow the planned flight (arms of the triangle) to be carried out and continued for another 20 minutes.

Terms of fulfillment: Rating 1 to 2 in piloting and navigation techniques.

TITLE 5. PILOT QUALIFICATION EXAMINATION

5.1. The exam can be taken after completion of theoretical and practical training. The theoretical part of the test can be done at any time during the training, but not before the first solo flight. The theoretical exam is valid for 90 days. After the validity has expired, the theory test must be repeated. The test is conducted by a traffic inspector whose share did not exceed 50% of the practical training.

5.1.1. theory

By an approved test at a designated test center. The result of the theory test will be confirmed by the ULV operation inspector in the pupil's personal sheet. The theoretical part precedes the practical. In case of failure, the test can be repeated after 14 days at the earliest.

5.1.2. practice

The practical part of the exam is carried out after successful completion of the theoretical part of the exam confirmed in the pupil's personal sheet during the period of validity of the theoretical exam. The practical test must contain at least 3 flights in double with a minimum duration of 35 min.
1st flight with an inspector in the area during which the examiner verifies the level of the student's piloting technique in the scope of the exercises prescribed by the training curriculum.
2nd and 3rd flights with an inspector during which the examiner verifies the level of piloting technique while flying around the circuit.

5.1.3. The theoretical and practical part of the exam can be repeated a maximum of 4 times. In the event that the maximum number of attempts is exhausted, the applicant will be assigned the necessary scope of additional training.

5.1.4. Terms of fulfillment

Rating 1 to 3 in the practical part of the exam, in the theoretical part the prescribed number of points achieved. The inspector records the result of the exam in the pupil's personal sheet.

TITLE 6. RE-TRAINING FOR A DIFFERENT TYPE

6.1. A pilot who holds a valid ULV pilot's license or a student when changing the training ULV can be included in the training.

6.2. Traffic inspectors and ULV test pilots can retrain themselves to another type.

6.3. Before starting the practical part of the retraining, the pilot or student must be familiar with ULV at least to the following extent:

1) technical description,
2) flight manual,
3) operation and maintenance,
4) pre-flight inspection,
5) on-board training,
6) important actions,
7) emergency procedures.
The instructor is responsible for verifying the pilot's or student's knowledge.

6.4. The retraining of a ULV pilot to another type of ULV is carried out by an instructor who is retrained for the given type, or by a test pilot. The retrainer is responsible for determining the scope of the theoretical and practical part of the retraining so that the condition of safe handling of the new type by the pilot is observed. For single-seat ULVs, it is necessary to first perform a check flight with an instructor on a two-seat training ULV. Based on the results of this check flight, the instructor then decides if the retrained pilot is capable of transitioning to a single-seat ULV.

6.5. For a two-digit ULV, the entire curriculum of retraining is fulfilled.

6.6. Exercises 6/1, 6/5, 6/6, 6/7, 6/8 are performed for a single-seat ULV.

6.7. The training curriculum of retraining to a different type, the number of exercises is minimal.

6.8. Terms of fulfillment:

The pilot is graded 1 to 2 for solo exercises.

TITLE 7. INSTRUCTOR QUALIFICATION TRAINING

7.1. Requirements for inclusion in training:

1) at least 21 years of age,
2) flown min. 200 hours, of which 75 hours on two-seat ULVs as pilot-in-command,
3) practical experience on at least two types,
4) successful examination of theoretical knowledge,
5) successful completion of a check flight with the chief traffic inspector or an inspector authorized by him.
6) continuous pilot experience of at least 5 years

7.2. Instructor training is carried out by an inspector in an instructor course led by the chief traffic inspector.

7.3. Syllabus of the instructor's theoretical training.

Theory of training lasting 3 hours. Own preparation for training, theory, practice, knowledge of the training curriculum.
Performing ground, pre-flight preparation and flight analysis. Analysis of student errors and their causes.
Pupil assessment - principles, scales. The human factor – its influence on the approach to the student and vice versa, stress and behavior in emergency situations. Administration – filling out training documentation.
Aerodynamics and flight mechanics 3 hours, Aviation regulations and procedures ULL 3 hours, Aviation meteorology 3 hours, Building and construction ULL 2 hours, Air navigation 2 hours, Engines, propellers, instruments 2 hours, Connecting regulations 1 hour.

7.4. Instructor training curriculum.

7.5. Terms of fulfillment:

7.5.1. Theoretical knowledge:

Demonstrate theoretical knowledge with an approved test and meet the required number of points.
Demonstrate before a three-member examination board appointed by the chief inspector of ULV operations the ability to teach aviation subjects and correctly explain the individual elements of piloting, warning of possible errors and their consequences.

7.5.2. Practical skills:

Prove to the chief inspector mastery of all elements of piloting technique required for pilot qualification, but with a rating of 1 to 2, i.e. very good practical skills. They must demonstrate these skills while piloting from the instructor's seat as well. In addition, they must demonstrate during the flight the ability to correctly qualify piloting errors, simulated by the inspector, and classify their severity in accordance with the rating scale.

TITLE 8. VFR CONTROLLED FLIGHT QUALIFICATION TRAINING

8.1. Requirements for inclusion in training:

1) a valid pilot's license or student after flying the training curriculum,
2) a valid air mobile service radio operator certificate.

8.2. The training is conducted by an instructor with VFR controlled flight qualifications.

8.3. Theoretical preparation in the minimum range of 4 hours:

1) Submission and termination of the flight plan,
2) work with AIP, NOTAM and maps,
3) the pilot's ability to obtain information for flight in controlled space,
4) radio correspondence practice for flight in controlled space,
5) procedures for setting the altimeter,
6) entering and exiting the CTR.

8.4. Pilot training syllabus for controlled VFR flights.

8.5. Terms of fulfillment:

Demonstrate the ability to independently obtain information for a flight in controlled space, file a flight plan, maintain a set track and altitude during flight and conduct radio correspondence following the instructions of the air traffic control service.

TITLE 9. TEST PILOT QUALIFICATION TRAINING

9.1. Requirements for inclusion in training:

1) flown at least 200 hours,
2) practical experience on at least three types of ULV,
3) before starting the course, fly the training course with an operations inspector with a test pilot qualification.

9.2. The training is carried out in the form of a course, led by the chief inspector of operation.

9.3. Test pilot training curriculum.

9.4. The theoretical part of the course in the scope of at least 8 hours:

1) inspection of the aircraft before the flight,
2) performances, stability, controllability, speeds, engines, propellers, center of gravity and center of gravity,
3) sequence of test flights,
4) flight protocol,
5) filling out the flight manual.

9.5. Terms of fulfillment:

1) demonstration of the ability to perform a technical check before the flight,
2) demonstration of the ability to determine the center of gravity of the autogyro by hanging test
3) demonstration of the ability to systematically verify the properties and performance of ULV according to the individual requirements of the flight protocol on an unknown type without prior retraining,
4) demonstration of the ability to correctly evaluate the flight characteristics of a autogyrocraft,
5) demonstration of the ability to propose structural changes and modifications to achieve the required ULV flight characteristics.

TITLE 10. ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING RECORDS

10.1. The instructor evaluates the student's knowledge and skills in writing in the student's personal sheet together with a record of the execution of individual exercises.

10.2. During double flights, the instructor evaluates the individual elements of piloting, which the student analyzes after the flight and evaluates the mistakes made by the student. The resulting grade for the year is recorded in the pupil's personal sheet.

10.3. During solo flights, the instructor monitors the student's flight and evaluates and analyzes all visible deviations after landing.

10.4. Theoretical preparation is evaluated on a "passed" or "failed" scale.

10.5. Practical training is evaluated on a four-level scale:

The final grade for the entire flight is given by the worst grade for the individual element of pilotage given by the instructor during the flight.

10.6. Elements assessed during practical training:

1) Pre-flight inspection – completeness, sequence.
2) Pilot actions – completeness, sequence.
3) Pitching, motor test.
4) Driving - method, speed, fluidity, overview of the freedom of space.
5) autogyro pre-spin – autogyro release, completeness and sequence of the procedure
6) Control of steering freedom and rudder function.
7) Checking the area before take-off.
8) Maintaining direction during take-off and take-off.
9) Take-off to obtain a given rate of climb.
10) Elimination of wind drift.
11) Flight speed – compliance in all phases of flight.
12) Leaning – swaying in turns.
13) Entering a turn - climb, descent, flight speed.
14) Turn maintenance – climb descent, flight speed.
15) Ending a turn – ending in direction, climb, descent, flight speed.
16) Emergency landing - maneuver, budget and landing with engine off.
17) Safety landing – area selection, area inspection, circuit and budget.
18) Correction of incorrect budget - long, short, float and bounce.
19) Verification of speed range in modes – idling, cruising, maximum.
20) Size of rudder deflections – coordination and smoothness of steering interventions.
21) Inspection of the area before landing - marking, signalling, radio correspondence.
22) Circuit – compliance with height, size, shape and its repetition.
23) Budget – correctness of the estimate, necessity of motor descent correction.
24) Landing – approach speed, leveling height, leveling smoothness, autogyro speed and pitch during touchdown, landing on wheels or three points.
25) Crosswind Landing.
26) Maintaining direction after landing.
27) Use of brakes.
28) Stopping the autogyro, braking the autogyro, cooling down and turning off the engine.

TITLE 11. TRAINING RELIEF

11.1. An airplane pilot, military pilot, commercial pilot, transport pilot, motor glider pilot and pilot of another type of SFD must complete the entire ULV piloting technique syllabus. Navigation training may be waived and the scope of theoretical instruction may be reduced by the training instructor based on an assessment of the applicant's knowledge and abilities.

11.2. An airplane pilot, a military pilot, a commercial pilot, a transport pilot, a motor glider pilot and a pilot of another type of SFD with an instructor's license can obtain the qualification of a ULV instructor only after completing the entire curriculum of ULV piloting techniques and obtaining a ULV pilot's license. If he fulfills the requirements for inclusion in ULV instructor training and fulfills the practical part of the ULV instructor training curriculum, his theoretical ULV instructor training may be shortened and limited only to the part that is different for ULV compared to other aircraft. The chief inspector decides on the extent of reduction based on an assessment of the applicant's knowledge and abilities. The training does not have to be carried out in an instructor course, but by an individual inspector.

11.3. Holders of a valid airplane and helicopter pilot's license will have the VFR flight qualification entered into their ULV pilot's license administratively by the LAA ČR register. Holders of a valid TMG pilot's license upon presentation of a flight logbook in which they have confirmation of VFR ŘL qualification.

11.4. If the holder of another qualification is granted relief for the award of the ULV qualification:

From the beginning of the training, the instructor keeps a personal sheet for all applicants, trains them with the rules of flying at ULV, and at the end they take a theoretical and practical test of a pilot or ULV instructor.
For the issuance of a pilot's license, the applicant submits a copy of the pilot's license with the required qualifications to the LAA CR register with a personal medical certificate.

TITLE 12. APPENDICES

12.1. Personal letter