UL 3 – MZK

Text as of: 04. 12. 2008

CHANGE SHEET

Date of issue of the change Edited/deleted/new paragraphs: Date of inclusion Ranked
14.5.2012 TITLE 6. Article 6.2.
– point 1) change from 18 to 21 years
– point 3) change the text to: “min. 200 hours flown on MZK, of which min. 75 hours on two-seater MZK as pilot-in-command”
– added point 6) continuous pilot experience of at least 5 years
TITLE 6. Article 6.5.1.
In the last sentence, the text "..." has been added: Demonstrate theoretical knowledge by achieving the prescribed number of points in the test, "demonstrate before a three-member examination committee appointed by the Chief Inspector of MZK operations" the ability to teach aviation subjects and correctly describe and explain individual elements of piloting, with a warning about possible errors and their consequences.
24.4.2012 Girl

Content

TITLE 1. - INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS
TITLE 2. – THEORETICAL PREPARATION FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF MZK PILOTS
TITLE 3. – SCHEME OF PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF MZK PILOTS
TITLE 4. – PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR MZK PILOT QUALIFICATION
TITLE 5. – MZK PILOT EXAMINATION
TITLE 6. – TRAINING FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF MZK INSTRUCTOR
TITLE 7. – VFR CONTROLLED FLIGHT QUALIFICATION TRAINING
TITLE 8. – TRAINING FOR TEST PILOT QUALIFICATION MZK
TITLE 9. – TRAINING FOR ELEVATOR QUALIFICATION
TITLE 10. – TRAINING FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF THE LAUNCHER
TITLE 11. – EVALUATION AND RECORDS OF TRAINING
TITLE 12. – TRAINING RELIEF
TITLE 13. - PERSONAL LETTERS

 

TITLE 1. INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS

1.1. This motor hang glider pilot training syllabus (hereafter referred to as MZK) determines the content, sequence and methodology of preparation and training for MZK. It is binding for all participants of the flight training at MZK. The use of this training curriculum by other operators is only possible with the consent of the LAA CR.

1.2. For the sake of completeness of information, some provisions from regulation LA 1 are listed here. This regulation contains "Organizational system and procedures for ensuring defined activities of LAA ČR in SFD management", including a description of pilot qualifications, test regulations, training authorization and activities of the register of LAA ČR.

1.3. The instructor conducting the training is responsible for following the procedures of the training curriculum.

1.4. Training can be carried out in pilot training centers or individually by an instructor after approval by the traffic inspector. In the personal sheet, it is necessary to indicate in which center the training took place, and for individual training, the written consent of the relevant traffic inspector is required in the personal sheet before the practical training begins. This inspector will then conduct the final pilot test and at the same time evaluate the level of training.

1.5. The person in charge of the relevant pilot training center is responsible for compliance with the conditions set by regulation LA 1, the training curriculum, for the maintenance of the SFD, for the fulfillment of binding regulations and for keeping the documentation of the pilot training center.

1.6. Training within the pilot training center must be documented in the pilot training center's main flight book. It must include each flight with at least the following details: flight date, SFD type, SFD license plate, crew names, flight time, number of take-offs, exercises.

1.7. The flight logbook must be archived for the duration of the operation or validity of the pilot training center's authorization.

1.8. The instructor conducting the training must have available in printed form:

1) teaching aids and publications for training
2) LAA CR regulations: LA 1, LA 2, flying rules, training syllabus
3) a map of the Czech Republic with valid flight information
4) Aviation Act No. 49/1197 Coll. and Decree No. 108/1997 Coll. to the necessary extent and valid wording.

During the practical training, they must also have:

1) wind direction and strength indicator
2) means for providing first aid
3) a mobile phone for calling emergency medical help

1.9. The instructor writes the progress of the training in the student's personal sheet.

1.10. If the traffic inspector himself trains a student pilot to a greater extent than corresponds to 50% of the scope of training for the MZK pilot qualification, he will conduct the practical and theoretical examination of this student by another MZK operation inspector.

1.11. Operation during training is organized in accordance with valid regulations for the operation of SFD. Acquaintance with the operational regulations of the area is part of the pre-flight and ground preparation, for the implementation and extent of which the instructor answers.

1.12. The MZK intended for dual-occupancy flight training must be safely controllable from the seat of the student and the instructor and must have the following minimum equipment: speedometer, altimeter, variometer, compass and instruments required by the engine manufacturer. It must be possible for the crew to communicate with each other in flight. The instructor conducting the training is responsible for compliance with these conditions.

1.13. The MZK must have a valid technical license issued by the LAA of the Czech Republic and take out liability insurance for damages caused by operation.

1.14. During practical training, the student pilot always occupies the pilot's seat, i.e. the front seat. This provision does not apply to exercises 1 to 4 of this curriculum, where, with regard to safety during the first years of training, the student sits in the back of the instructor's seat until he has mastered the basics of piloting. In MZK with side-by-side seats, the student always sits on the pilot's seat according to the MZK manual.

1.15. During pilot training, the type of training MZK can be changed only if the student has been sufficiently familiar with it and completed a check flight with the instructor including all previous exercises in piloting technique.

1.16. A student can be enrolled in training after reaching the age of 15, and a pilot's license can be issued after reaching the age of 16 (up to 18 years, everything with the consent of legal representatives). Individual flights may be performed after reaching the age of 16.

1.17. A condition for starting practical flight training is a valid medical certificate of medical fitness.

1.18. The practical part of MZK pilot training can only be started after completing at least 16 hours of theoretical instruction, of which: 4 hours of Aerodynamics and flight mechanics, 4 hours of Aviation regulations, procedures, 2 hours Aviation navigation, 2 hours Aviation meteorology, 2 hours MZK construction and construction, 2 hours Engines, propellers, instruments. The instructor is responsible for verifying and confirming the minimum level of knowledge in the listed subjects. The entire range of theoretical instruction must be discussed before the individual navigation flight at the latest.

1.19. Those interested in MZK training, who only have practical experience of flying on airplanes controlled by aerodynamic means, before starting the practical part of MZK training, must complete extended training under the guidance of an instructor, focused on a different way of controlling MZK.

1.20. Before starting the practical part of the training, the student must be introduced to the MZK by the instructor to the following extent:

1) technical description
2) flight manual
3) operation and maintenance
4) pre-flight inspection
5) onboard training
6) important actions and procedures
7) assembly and disassembly
8) method of transport of MZK

1.21. Each practical exercise of the curriculum is preceded by ground preparation led by the instructor to the extent that ensures perfect understanding of the exercise by the student. Preparation is carried out by the instructor no longer than one day before the relevant practical exercise.

1.22. The training is carried out in the sequence determined by these curricula.

1.23. The student can fly for a maximum of 4 hours during one flight day.

1.24. A student may not participate in more than one type of basic flight training at the same time.

1.25. The student's training is evaluated by the instructor according to this curriculum.

1.26. The flight time and number of flights specified in the schedule are minimal. The instructor's main point of view for determining the actual range of flights is the student's mastery of the required habits and skills.

1.27. The instructor allows the student to proceed to the next exercise according to the syllabus only if the student safely manages the previous exercise.

1.28. The student's first independent flight is authorized by the instructor. It is necessary to plan the review before the solo flight so that the student can perform at least one more solo flight on the same day. If the separate flight does not take place on the same day for any reason, a new review must be carried out. On the day of the first solo flight, the student may make a maximum of 3 solo flights.

1.29. The student may not perform solo flights without the supervision of an instructor.

1.30. A maximum of 2 instructors can participate in the practical training of the student.

1.31. The final test is carried out by the traffic inspector.

1.32. Meteorological conditions during training must correspond to VFR flight conditions according to UL 1 and the flight manual of the given aircraft. For the first independent flight, the visibility must be at least 5 km, the cloud base at a height of min. 500 m above the ground and wind up to 3 m/s with a deviation of max. 30° from the VPD axis in the direction against take-off. During the entire training, the instructor is responsible for assessing the suitability of meteorological conditions for the given level of training.

1.33. The training area must have a minimum size of 35 x 400 meters.

1.34. The obtained qualifications are recorded in the pilot's license by the register of the LAA CR on the basis of a completed personal sheet, confirmed by a traffic inspector with the relevant qualifications.

 

TITLE 2. THEORETICAL PREPARATION FOR MZK PILOT QUALIFICATION

2.1. Basic theoretical training is the first part of MZK pilot training. It is carried out by an instructor or lecturers with adequate knowledge of the given subject. Participation in this training is evaluated and recorded in the student's personal sheet. The sequence of theoretical preparation must be such that a correct understanding of the material of the given subject is always ensured well in advance of the practical part of the training.

2.2. Required scope of theoretical teaching:

2.3. Areas of required knowledge:

2.3.1. Aerodynamics and flight mechanics

1) Formation of aerodynamic forces when bodies are wrapped around.
2) Aerodynamic resistance of friction, boundary layer, eddies.
3) Laminar and turbulent flow, Reynolds number.
4) Shaped aerodynamic drag, coefficient of aerod. resistance.
5) Formula aerod. profile resistance, what it depends on.
6) Continuity equation, Bernoulli equation, static,. dynamic and total pressure.
7) Formation of aerodynamic lift, coefficient, formula, aerod. tunnel.
8) Winding aerod. profile, angle of attack.
9) Critical angle of attack, separation of current on the profile.
10) Pressure distribution on the airfoil during normal flight.
11) Aerodynamic polar, lift and drag line of the profile.
12) Geometric characteristics of the profile, distribution of profiles.
13) Overturning moment, factor, self-stable profile.
14) Geometric characteristics of the wing.
15) End-span wing wrap, induced drag, ground effect.
16) Detachment of the current on the wing, influence of the ground plan shape, twisting of the wing.
17) Harmful and interference resistance, total resistance, aerod. polar plane.
18) Methods of generating thrust, propellers.
19) Propeller aerodynamics, important work modes, efficiency.
20) Aerodynamic characteristics of a fixed and adjustable propeller.
21) Propeller jet effect, reaction moment, gyroscopic effect.
22) Aircraft coordinate system, MZK control means, efficiency, advantages and disadvantages..
23) Individual phases of take-off and landing.
24) Gradeability, performance curves, min. and max. speed.
25) Influence of altitude on climbability, theoretical and practical approach.
26) Balance of forces in steady horizontal powered flight.
27) Balance of forces in steady gliding flight, gliding angle.
28) Speed ​​polar of gliding flight, gliding.
29) Load multiplier, flight envelopes, operational and numerical loads, safety factor.
30) Balance of forces in a steady horizontal turn, slip and slip turns.
31) Corkscrew and spiral, method of selection.
32) Fall prevention, moderate and sharp fall - danger for MZK.
33) Static and dynamic stability.
34) Center of gravity of the aircraft, center of gravity supply, influence of centering on flight characteristics.
35) Longitudinal stability of the MZK in normal flight mode and what affects it (position of the center of gravity, tension and twist of the bearing surface, reinforcement and shape of the profile).
36) Longitudinal stability of the MZK in extreme flight modes and what affects it (tethering and supporting the trailing edge, reinforcement and profile shape).
37) Lateral stability (transverse and directional).
38) Directional stability of MZK and what affects it (sweeping, tension of the covering of the bearing surface, aerodynamic fairings - side aerodynamic surfaces).
39) Summary of limits and dangerous modes for flying with MZK.

2.3.2. Construction and construction of MZK:

1) MZK construction materials.
2) Requirements for the quality of materials.
3) Use of types of materials in the construction of the MZK wing and undercarriage, advantages, disadvantages.
4) Types of stress on individual parts of the MZK structure.
5) Stressing of the MZK wing cover, distribution of forces, reinforcement of the cover.
6) Material fatigue and wear of the main parts of the structure.
7) Certificates and strength tests used in the construction of the MZK in the LAA CR.
8) Construction supervision during the construction of the MZK in LAA CR.
9) Scope of documentation for the construction of an individual amateur MZK
10) Basic conditions of MZK eligibility according to UL-2, category definition.
11) Types of technical licenses for SFD.

2.3.3. Aviation regulations, procedures:

1) Definition of SFD categories according to Civil Aviation Act No. 49/1997 and implementing decree No. 108 to this Act.
2) Who can fly to MZK in the Czech Republic.
3) Rules for avoiding, preventing collisions.
4) Classification of airspace of the Czech Republic, classes, description.
5) Height and space restrictions for MZK flights without a schedule.
6) Interpretation of terms CTR, TMA, AFIS, ATZ, LKR, LKP, TRA, TSA and flights in these areas.
7) Prohibited and restricted areas.
8) Types of airports in the Czech Republic.
9) Ways of setting out on the airport and VPD signal area.
10) Obtaining information for the execution of the flight, basic shortcuts.
11) Meteorological limits for flights with MZK.
12) Conditions for VFR flight according to UL-1.
13) MZK pre-flight inspection.
14) Fueling, safety measures.
15) Starting the MZK engine, engine test.
16) Selection of the flight route, going around and flying over obstacles.
17) Conditions for the arrival of MZK at the AFIS airport, procedure with and without a radio station.
18) Joint operation of MZK and aircraft at AFIS airport, principles of conducting radio correspondence.
19) Separate operation of MZK, surface parameters and obstacle planes.
20) Traffic control, the right to withdraw the MZK pilot's license.
21) Procedures for setting the altimeter.
22) Conditions of use of the radio station in MZK air traffic.
23) Level, visibility, flight visibility.
24) Responsibility of the MZK pilot.
25) Breakdown and procedure of training according to MZK 3.
26) Conditions for obtaining and extending the MZK pilot's license.
27) Types of qualifications for flying with MZK and their acquisition.

2.3.4. Air Navigation:

1) Shape and dimensions of the globe, parallels and meridians.
2) Latitude and longitude, types of navigation while flying.
3) Time zones on the ground, use of time in aviation, UTC, CET, SEL.
4) Large and small circles on the ground.
5) Loxodroma and orthodroma.
6) Maps – scales, types of display of the topographical situation.
7) Sunrise and sunset - shift in seasons.
8) Comparative navigation.
9) Navigation preparation, calculation of times and speeds, wind effects.
10) Action radius, its definition and detection.
11) Use of magn. compass, magnetic and geographic course.
12) GPS – principle, accuracy, use.
13) Solution of vector triangle.
14) Procedures in case of loss of orientation.

2.3.5. Meteorology:

1) Earth's atmosphere, composition, vertical division.
2) Pressure, temperature and air density, course with height, limit. booth atmosphere-MSA.
3) Absolute and relative air humidity.
4) Pressure formations, air mass circulation.
5) Wind, creation, speed, measurement, turbulence.
6) Cloud formation, types of clouds, description, heights, characteristic occurrence.
7) Cold and warm front, occlusion, characteristics, manifestations and occurrence in seasons..
8) Formation of storms, danger to flying.
9) Quantities measured during meteorological output, graph.
10) Saturated and unsaturated air mass, dew point.
11) Conditions for the formation of icing, critical places.
12) Determination of visibility, phenomena affecting visibility.
13) Mechanical turbulence, leeward phenomena, autogyro and wave flow, danger to flying.
14) Thermals, origin, characteristics, types, possibilities of use, danger.
15) Basic meteorological abbreviations and codes.
16) Aviation meteorological forecasts, their names and meaning.
17) Importance of knowledge of meteorology for flying.

2.3.6. Engines, propellers, instruments:

1) Two-stroke and four-stroke engine duty cycle.
2) Two-stroke and four-stroke engine lubrication methods.
3) Methods of cooling petrol engines.
4) Composition and preparation of the mixture sucked into the cylinders
5) Carburetor – principle, advantages and disadvantages.
6) Fuel injection - types, principle, advantages and disadvantages.
7) Fuel systems, types, description, advantages and disadvantages.
8) Types of ignition of gasoline engines.
9) Types of reducers, meaning, advantages and disadvantages.
10) Performance, reliability and service life of engines used in MZK.
11) Storing the engine in the MZK structure - the necessity of securing the parts before they fall into the propeller.
12) Control elements of MZK engines.
13) Importance of warming up the engine before take-off.
14) Characteristic malfunctions of MZK engines and their causes.
15) Fixed propeller - construction, materials, advantages and disadvantages.
16) Propeller that can be set on the ground - construction, materials, functions, advantages and disadvantages.
17) Propeller adjustable in flight - construction, functions, advantages and disadvantages.
18) Propeller balancing, gyroscopic and reaction moment.
19) Types of stress on the propeller in flight, principles of its fastening.
20) Aviation instruments and their distribution.
21) Measurement of static and total pressure, Pitot and Venturi tubes.
22) Principles of speedometers, types, description of construction and operation.
23) Principle of the altimeter, description of construction, adjustment to the given pressure.
24) Principles of variometers, types, description of construction and operation.
25) Principle and construction of a magnetic compass, errors, compensation.
26) The principle of a turn meter and a relative transverse inclinometer.

 

TITLE 3. SCHEME OF PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF MZK PILOTS

 

TITLE 4. PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR MZK PILOT QUALIFICATION

4.1. Exercise 1.: Familiarization flight

Instruktor acquaints the student with the behavior of MZK in various flight modes, with the shape and size of the circuit and significant orientation points around the airport when flying around the circuit and in space. Demonstrates and comments to the student on individual steering interventions and MZK's reactions to them, draws the student's attention to the correct way of holding the steering bar.
The familiarization flight is not evaluated by the instructor.

4.2. Exercise 2.: Direct flight, steering function

Instruktor demonstrates to the student the effects of trapeze deflections on the behavior of the airplane. It introduces the student to the size of deflections needed to keep the airplane in straight flight. Demonstrates the aircraft's response to engine mode changes. Training is carried out at different speeds and in climb, horizontal flight and descent modes. The minimum flight height is 300 m AGL.
Disciple tries, according to the instructor's instructions, to keep the airplane in straight flight in the given modes with an emphasis on maintaining direction at higher speeds.

Terms of fulfillment: The student is able to keep the airplane in straight flight without significant fluctuations in speed, pitch and height.

4.3. Exercise 3.: Turns with an inclination of up to 15 degrees

Instruktor demonstrates to the student the correct execution of turns with a slight incline. It draws attention to the need to visually check the clearance of the space to the side of the turn, both before starting and during the turn. The minimum flight height is 300 m AGL.
Disciple in horizontal flight, tries to correctly perform turns and select them in the specified direction. At the same time, he makes sure that the flight speed does not fluctuate and that there are no changes in pitch. Once mastered, it does the same when climbing the plane and descending at idle. Part of the exercise is practicing making instrument turns in specified directions using a compass.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently performs turns with a small incline without significant fluctuations in height, speed and inclination, including entering the turn and ending in the given directions.

4.4. Exercise 4.: Turns with an inclination of up to 45 degrees

Instruktor demonstrates to the student the correct execution of sharp turns with an explanation of the sequence of interventions in the steering, including the necessity to push back the steering bar in a turn in proportion to the inclination. It warns of the need to increase the engine speed before entering a turn. In particular, he will draw the student's attention to the danger of transitioning into a spiral and the correct method of selection, including a practical demonstration. The minimum flight height is 300 m AGL.
Disciple tries to correctly execute sharp turns with selection in designated directions without significant fluctuations in speed and inclination. It recognizes the emerging spiral and independently selects it for horizontal flight.

Terms of fulfillment: The student performs sharp turns independently, including their introduction and removal, transitions from one sharp turn to another - the so-called figure eight.

4.5. Exercise 5.: Fall prevention, flight speed

Instruktor the student performs straight flight and turns at all speed modes of the airplane and draws attention to possible dangers. When flying at maximum speed, it warns of the limitation of full control deflections. In flight mode close to stall speed, he will explain and demonstrate the fall arrest solved by pulling the trapeze in proportion to the loss of speed. Theoretically, he will explain the possibility of solving a sharp loss of speed (preceding a sharp fall) by converting the MZK into a corner, with an emphasis on the danger of these modes. The minimum flight height is 300 m AGL.
Disciple performs straight flight and turns in all permissible speed modes, also reacts correctly to loss of speed and performs fall arrest.

Terms of fulfillment: The student safely manages the mentioned modes.

4.6. Exercise 6.: Take-off, circuit flight and landing practice

Instruktor take-off, circuit flight and landing are performed by the student. During take-off, it focuses on performing the take-off, endurance, obtaining sufficient speed for the climb, the shape of the circuit - circuit turns, the flight height in individual parts of the circuit and performing the correct landing budget without the need for further adjustments to the angle of descent using the engine. It draws the student's attention to the effect of wind, the length of the VPD, the possibility of ground turbulence and other effects that must be taken into account for the correct estimation of landing conditions. It reminds the student of the need to maintain the correct speed up to the leveling height so that he does not have to make further corrections with the engine. LA 1st and 4th turns are performed at a height of at least 100 m AGL with an inclination of 15°. LA 2nd and 3rd turns are performed at a height of at least 150 m AGL with an inclination of 30°.
Disciple performs take-off, circuit flight and landing according to the instructor's instructions.
Note: When practicing take-off and landing, taking into account the traffic at the airport and the length of the VPD, flying take-offs and landings can also be performed.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently performs take-off, circuit flight, landing and important actions.

4.7. Exercise 7: Corrections of erroneous budget and landing

Instruktor the student performs the activity of correcting a long and short budget and correcting a high and late understatement with washout or rebound. Draws attention to danger of losing speed at low altitudes.
Disciple makes a deliberate long and short budget and corrects it. It also performs and corrects high underlining. Late or low leveling is limited with regard to the safe execution of the landing.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently corrects an incorrect budget as well as a high understatement, rebound and float.

4.8. Exercise 8.: Practicing a safe landing

Instruktor the student practices landing on a selected, suitably chosen area in the terrain with the engine running, without landing himself. It thereby simulates the necessity of landing, e.g. due to a change in meteorological conditions, loss of orientation, etc.
Disciple performs the selection of a suitable area on the instructions of the instructor, taking into account its size, surface and wind direction. He also conducts an inspection of the area, the landing budget and a landing maneuver, at the end of which he does not land on the area, but interrupts the maneuver at a safe height at the instruction of the instructor.

Terms of fulfillment: The student is able to correctly select a suitable area and safely perform its inspection, maneuver and landing budget.

4.9. Exercise 9.: Practicing an emergency landing at an airport

Instruktor is carried out by the student while flying around the circuit by pulling back the throttle, simulating the engine shutdown and the budget so that he lands safely on the airfield without further use of the engine. The instructor is responsible for the safety of the execution, especially with regard to the flight height, the position of the aircraft on the circuit, the direction and strength of the wind and other operating conditions. It warns the student about the increased risk of landing in take-off mode.
Disciple it repeats this activity until it is mastered. The instructor withdraws the throttle and does not notify the student in advance of the moment of the throttle withdrawal. At least 5 landings must be made with the engine completely shut down. During the flight, the student must always take into account the possibility of the power unit stopping, and his reaction must be quick and correct.

Terms of fulfillment: The student reacts correctly to loss of power, controls the aircraft safely and performs maneuver, budget and landing while flying with the engine idling and off.

4.10. Exercise 10.: Practicing an emergency landing in the terrain

Instruktor will be performed by the student in the area outside the airport circuit. During this flight, without prior warning, the engine power is reduced to idle.
Disciple reacts to simulated engine shutdown, selects a landing area, budgets and approaches the targeted area. It does not land on the selected surface. The instructor at a safe height decides to interrupt the training.

Terms of fulfillment: The student reacts correctly to the loss of power, safely controls the aircraft and performs the maneuver and budget for landing in the field with the engine at idle.

4.11. Exercise 11: Crosswind Landing

Instruktor the student will practice landing with a side wind of the force allowed for the given type of MZK. It will explain to the student the elimination of lateral drift by offsetting the aircraft relative to the VPD axis depending on the wind strength. The nose wheel setting remains in the direction of the aircraft's longitudinal axis until the moment of landing. The instructor warns the student that if the wind increases beyond the bearing limits, it is necessary to land against the direction of the wind in free space, even outside the VPD axis.
Disciple performs the given elements until mastery.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently eliminates drift and maintains the axis of descent in crosswinds. He is able to make the right budget and landing.

4.12. Exercise 12.: Circuit flight with covered instruments

Instruktor the student flies around the circuit with the flight instruments covered.

Terms of fulfillment: Even without the help of instruments, the student maintains a speed within a safe range, especially its reserve during descent and landing. He must be able to perform turns correctly and must correctly estimate the height above the ground and determine whether the aircraft is climbing or descending.

4.13. Exercise 13.: Checking before the first solo flight

Instruktor the student will perform a test flight during which the student's ability to control the aircraft in all flight modes will be tested. In particular, it pays attention to performing the correct take-off with endurance after disengagement, maintaining airspeed, performing turns, correct response to loss of speed and engine power drop, correct budget, understeer, landing and mastering the run-out to a stop.

Terms of fulfillment: The student confidently controls the aircraft in all modes and reacts correctly to non-standard situations. If the pupil in this flight is evaluated in all elements with the worst grade 2, i.e. very good, he can continue with the first independent flight.

4.14. Exercise 14.: Single flight around the circuit

Instruktor before the flight, the student will discuss all the differences in the behavior of the MZK when flying solo, especially drawing attention to the greater power surplus, evident during take-off and climb, and to a different landing profile with longer endurance and lower stall speed. If the student shows signs of stress and uncertainty before the first solo flight, the instructor will assign another flight in a double. The student's uncertainty is usually caused by a poor mastery of some element of the piloting technique. The first independent flight is carried out on the aircraft with which the student completed previous training flights and no later than one hour after the end of the test flight.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently takes off and flies around the circuit according to the instructions of the instructor, who observes and evaluates the flight from the ground. If there are no obvious piloting errors during this flight, the instructor will allow further flights of this exercise. If the instructor observes dangerous errors in the performance of solo flights, the solo flights will be interrupted and the double flights will be reinstated. He will include a control flight in doubles even in the event of a longer break between flights of this exercise or in the event that the student's nervousness is detected again. Radio communication between instructor and student is recommended.

4.15. Exercise 15.: Turns with an inclination of 15 to 45 degrees

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently repeats the practice of performing turns with inclinations of 15 to 45 degrees in the area near the airport, under the supervision of an instructor who evaluates the flight from the ground. After completing the training, he will perform the circuit and landing according to the instructor's instructions. Radio connection recommended.

4.16. Exercise 16.: Fall prevention, flight speed

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently repeats the flight at different speed modes, including low speeds and anti-fall. The training is carried out outside the perimeter of the airport, but under the supervision of the instructor. Before this exercise, the instructor will emphasize to the student the necessity of a safe flight height when flying at lower speeds, especially when practicing fall arrest. Radio connection recommended.

4.17. Exercise 17.: Budget exercise

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently performs the landing budget exercise according to the instructor's instructions, by pulling the throttle on the circuit between the second and fourth turns and performing the landing maneuver without further use of engine power, including landing in the first third of the VPD. If the budget is executed incorrectly, the student interrupts the exercise at a safe flight height by adding gas and repeats the circuit. The instructor monitors and evaluates the training from the ground. Radio connection recommended.

4.18. Exercise 18.: Navigational flight along a triangular track with a minimum length of 100 km and a duration of 2 hours with a stopover at two foreign airports (all conditions must be met)

Instruktor assigns the student a route of approximately 100 km (or longer so that the flight time is at least 2 hours) with stopovers at two foreign airports. After completing the preparation, he performs the flight together with the student.

Terms of fulfillment: Under the supervision of the instructor, the student performs complete navigation training for the specified route. He is able to guide the plane along the specified route, approach correctly and land at a foreign airport. Takes off safely and in accordance with the rules from a foreign airport and continues the flight. The instructor checks the progress of the flight. In case of incorrect piloting technique during the flight or loss of orientation, the flight is assessed as incomplete.

4.19. Exercise 19.: Navigational flight along a triangular route with a minimum length of 50 km and a duration of 1 hour with a stopover at a foreign airport (all conditions must be met)

Instruktor assigns the student a route of 50 km (or longer so that the flight time is at least 1 hour) with a stopover at a foreign airport. After completing the navigation training, he performs the flight together with the student.

Terms of fulfillment: The student independently completes the full navigational preparation for the flight along the specified route. The instructor will evaluate the preparation. During the flight, it does not interfere with piloting or navigation. The student must be able to pilot safely and at the same time correctly navigate the route, approach and land at a foreign airport. Furthermore, he must safely take off from a foreign airport and continue the flight with a landing at the take-off airport. In the case of larger deviations from the planned route, the flight is assessed as incomplete.

4.20. Exercise 20.: Individual navigation flight along a triangular route with a minimum length of 50 km and a duration of 1 hour with a stopover at a foreign airport

Instruktor gives the student a route with a stopover at a foreign airport. After the student has completed the navigation training independently, the instructor will check its correctness and completeness and allow the flight to take place. Stopovers must be planned for an area where the presence of trained personnel is ensured.

Terms of fulfillment: The student performs complete navigation preparation independently and correctly. Furthermore, he will independently perform a navigation flight according to the instruction of the instructor, including stopovers and landings.

 

TITLE 5. MZK PILOT EXAMINATION

5.1. The exam for obtaining the "Pilot MZK" qualification can be taken after completion of theoretical and practical training. The test is conducted by an MZK operation inspector, whose participation in the practical training did not exceed 50%, in the following order and extent:

5.1.1. Theory

By written test. The test tests are determined by the chief inspector of MZK operations. The theoretical part of the test precedes the practical part and can be done at any time during training, but first after the first solo flight. Its result will be confirmed by the traffic inspector in the pupil's personal sheet. In case of failure, it can be repeated after 14 days at the earliest.

5.1.2. Practice

The practical part of the exam is carried out only after successful completion of the theoretical part of the exam confirmed in the student's personal sheet, within 90 days at the latest from this exam, otherwise the theoretical part of the exam must be repeated. The practical exam includes at least 3 flights in double with a minimum duration of 30 min.
1st flight with an inspector in the area during which the examiner verifies the level of the student's piloting technique in the scope of the exercises prescribed by the training curriculum. It focuses mainly on departure from the circuit, flight in low and high speed modes, fall prevention, turns up to 45°, orientation in space, performing a safety landing and returning to the circuit.
2nd and 3rd flights with an inspector during which the examiner verifies the level of piloting technique while flying around the circuit. It focuses mainly on the correct and complete execution of pre-takeoff operations, takeoff, climb, circuit shape and height, landing budget, descent and landing. In one of the flights around the circuit, the inspector includes an emergency landing practice after the engine shuts down.

5.1.3. The theoretical and practical part of the exam can be repeated a maximum of 4 times. In the event that the maximum number of attempts is exhausted, the applicant will be assigned the necessary scope of additional training.

5.1.4. Terms of fulfillment:

Rating 1 to 3 in the practical part of the exam, in the theoretical part the prescribed number of points achieved for the "passed" rating.
The test result is recorded and confirmed by the traffic inspector in the student's personal sheet, where he also writes the number of the pilot's license according to his records.
The MZK pilot's license is issued by the LAA CR registry on the basis of the submission of a completed personal sheet and a valid certificate of medical fitness. If the issuance of a pilot's license is requested more than 90 days after passing the practical part of the pilot test, the applicant is obliged to take part in the verification of knowledge in the scope of the practical part of the pilot test.

 

TITLE 6. TRAINING FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF MZK INSTRUCTOR

6.1. The training and examination for the award of the "Instructor MZK" qualification, including registration in the personal sheet, is carried out by the chief MZK operation inspector or the MZK operation inspector authorized by him.

6.2. Requirements for inclusion in training:

1) age at least 21 years
2) knowledge of the Czech language, spoken and written
3) flown min. 200 hours at MZK, of which min. 75 hours on a two-seat MZK as an aircraft commander
4) practical experience at at least three different MZK
5) successful completion of the check flight
6) continuous pilot practice min. 5 years

6.3. Syllabus of theoretical training during MZK instructor training:

Theory of training in the duration of min. 3 hours on this content: Knowledge of the training curriculum, filling out the student personal sheet, conducting theoretical training, ground and pre-flight preparation, in-flight analysis of student errors and their causes, student evaluation, human factor and its influence on the approach to the student and vice versa, stress and behavior in emergency situations.
Theory of aviation subjects to the extent according to the level of knowledge after evaluation by the inspector.

6.4. Syllabus of practical training for the MZK instructor qualification:

Note: Exercises 5/1 and 5/2 aim to verify the level of piloting technique. In other exercises No. 5/3 to 5/10, the pilot must control the machine from the instructor's seat, describe the individual elements of piloting and evaluate and correct simulated "student" errors.

6.5. Instructor Exam:

6.5.1. Theoretical part

1) Written trial test (the trial tests are determined by the chief inspector of MZK operations).
2) Oral test on the ability to teach aviation subjects and explain the elements of piloting and possible mistakes.

Terms of fulfillment: Prove theoretical knowledge by achieving the prescribed number of points from the test, prove before a three-member examination board appointed by the chief inspector of operations of the MZK the ability to teach aviation subjects and correctly describe and explain the individual elements of piloting with a warning of possible errors and their consequences.

6.5.2. Practical part

contains min. 3 flights in double with a duration of 30 min.:
1. flight with an inspector in the area during which the examiner (in the instructor's seat) verifies the level of piloting technique in the range of exercises prescribed by the training curriculum, including a description of the execution of individual elements by the pilot.
2. flight with an inspector, during which the examiner (in the instructor's seat) verifies the level of flight around the circuit, including a description of the pilot's execution of individual phases.
In one of the first two flights, the inspector will include an emergency landing practice after the engine shuts down.
3. flight with an inspector, where the examiner (in the pilot's seat) verifies the examinee's level of control of the aircraft from the instructor's seat. For part of the flight, he drives himself and verifies the level of the examinee in their evaluation and corrections on deliberately made mistakes.

Terms of fulfillment: Prove to the inspector mastery of all elements of piloting technique required for pilot qualification, but with a rating of 1 to 2, i.e. very good practical skills. They must also demonstrate these abilities when piloting from the instructor's seat. Furthermore, they must demonstrate during the flight the ability to correctly determine and correct piloting errors, simulated by the inspector, and classify their severity in accordance with the rating scale.

 

TITLE 7. VFR CONTROLLED FLIGHT QUALIFICATION TRAINING

Training, including registration in the personal sheet, is carried out by an instructor qualified for controlled VFR flights. He conducts a test flight with a pilot, and obtaining a personal certificate qualification is confirmed by an MZK traffic inspector with a qualification for controlled VFR flights.

7.1. Requirements for inclusion in training:

An applicant with an MZK pilot's license or a student after completing the training curriculum who holds a license to operate air radio stations, or at least a limited certificate of an air mobile service radiotelephone operator, can be included in the training.

7.2. Syllabus of theoretical training:

Theoretical preparation lasting at least 4 hours in the following scope:
1) procedures for setting the altimeter
2) obtaining information for flight in controlled space
3) work with AIPs, NOTAMs and maps
4) training radio correspondence for flight in controlled space
5) entering CTR, leaving CTR
6) submitting a flight plan

7.3. Syllabus of practical training for VFR controlled flights qualification:

Terms of fulfillment: A pilot must be able to independently obtain information for a flight in a controlled area, submit a flight plan, follow a set route in flight and conduct radio correspondence in compliance with the instructions of the air traffic control service for a flight in a controlled area and arrival and departure at a controlled airport.

 

TITLE 8. TRAINING FOR TEST PILOT QUALIFICATION MZK

8.1. The training and examination for the award of the "Test Pilot MZK" qualification, including registration in the personal sheet, is carried out by the chief inspector of operations of the MZK.

8.2. Requirements for inclusion in training:

1) age at least 18 years
2) flown min. 200 hours at MZK
3) practical experience at at least ten different MZK

8.3. Theoretical preparation - in the range of min. 6 hours:

1) MZK inspection before the flight
2) performance, stability, controllability, speed range VS0 to VNE, engines, propellers, landing gear hinge position
3) sequence of test flights
4) flight report and its completion
5) flight manual and its completion

8.4. Syllabus of practical training for MZK test pilot qualification:

Note: The first flight for MZK verification (exercise 2) is preceded by an inspection of the MZK, its equipment, fuel and electrical installations, a test of all controls, an engine test, a test of taxiing characteristics.

8.5. Terms of fulfillment:

The pilot shall demonstrate the ability to:
1) perform a technical check before take-off
2) to pilot the aircraft without errors and hesitations, including extreme flight modes
3) systematically verify the characteristics and performance of MZK, even on an unknown type without prior retraining
4) propose structural changes and modifications to achieve the required flight characteristics
5) according to the established facts, fill out the flight test protocol correctly

 

TITLE 9. TRAINING FOR ELEVATOR QUALIFICATION

9.1. Requirements for inclusion in training:

1) age at least 18 years
2) flown min. 150 hours at MZK

9.2. General provisions

The training is carried out by an instructor or MZK operation inspector with a lift operator qualification.
Aerial towing is carried out with MZK for that purpose approved by the inspector technician.
The tow instructor is responsible for the sufficient length and suitability of the VPD for aerial tows during training, and the pilot - tow operator for other activities.
The instructor is responsible for carrying out the training, who must be present during operation.
During tow pilot training, the towed glider is piloted by a hang gliding instructor (in the case of ZK) or an ultralight glider instructor.
The examination for the towing qualification is carried out by an MZK operation inspector with a towing qualification and a ZL operation inspector or a UL glider operation inspector who pilots the glider.

9.3. Syllabus of practical training for the lift operator qualification:

Aerial tows are preceded by ground preparation led by a tow instructor in the following scope:
Familiarization with piloting technique and safety principles when performing air tows:
1) the design and use of the towing device of the aircraft
2) technical data and limitations of gliders and towed MZK
3) regulations relating to the towing of gliders for MZK
4) activity during preparation for flight, take-off signals, take-off, climb, turning, descent with glider in tow, turning off glider, dropping rope, landing with rope
5) solving special cases in flight (landing, engine overheating, glider fluctuations)
6) encountering updrafts and their use

9.4. Terms of fulfillment:

The pilot takes off with the glider, climbs to a height of 500 m AGL, level flight, descends to a height of 300 m AGL, after the signal to turn off, waits to start the descent until the glider turns off above the airport. After dropping the tow rope at the designated spot, the pilot makes a small circuit and lands. During the tow, the speed does not fluctuate, the signal to turn off the glider is given by the MZK pilot in the specified area and height.

 

TITLE 10. DROPPER QUALIFICATION TRAINING

10.1. Requirements for inclusion in training:

1) age at least 18 years
2) flown min. 150 hours at MZK

10.2. General provisions:

The training is carried out by an MZK inspector with a displacer qualification.
Training is carried out only at MZK, which are approved for paratroopers.
During airborne flights, there is a pilot on board the MZK and a parachutist with the qualification "C" or higher.
The examination for awarding the qualification is carried out by the relevant AeČR skydiving inspector based on theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The practical test is attended by an MZK inspector with the qualification of a drop-off officer.

10.3. Syllabus of practical training for the displacer qualification:

Airborne flights are preceded by ground preparation conducted to the following extent:
Methodology and technique of piloting when carrying out landings, safety principles and procedure in special cases in flight. Guidelines relating to the conduct of airdrops, UL 1, V-PARA-3, AIP-ENR 5.5-6. Equipment of landing aircraft, duties of the pilot - dropper, method of landing, circuits between individual landings, calculation of drop point, handling of special cases in flight, used signals and cooperation of the aircraft crew

10.4. Terms of fulfillment:

The pilot ascends to a height of 700 m AGL, throws the targeting ribbon and, according to its impact, conducts a raid and drops a parachutist at a specified height, who lands near the marked cross.

 

TITLE 11. ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING RECORDS

11.1. General provisions:

Continuous training records, including evaluation of the student's knowledge and abilities, are carried out by the instructor in writing in the student's personal sheet.
Immediately after the flight, the instructor examines the student and evaluates the mistakes made by the student.
The resulting grade for the year is recorded in the student's Personal Record.
The student advances to the next exercise of the syllabus with a minimum range of flights on the condition that he manages the exercise previous – is graded 1 to 2. With a grade of 3, the instructor increases the number of flights of the given exercise until it is mastered with a grade of 1 to 2.
In the case of a grade 4, the instructor increases the number of flights until mastery, or in the case of piloting technique, the student returns to exercises that the student cannot master. In the case of individual flights, evaluated with a grade of 4, the instructor classifies the student back to double flights.

11.2. Assessment of theoretical training:

The student's knowledge of the taught subjects must be at the level of general knowledge. The student is evaluated on a "pass-fail" basis.

11.3. Assessment of practical training:

Individual practical training exercises are evaluated using the following four-level scale:

The final grade for the entire flight is given by the worst grade for the individual element of pilotage given by the instructor during the flight.

11.4. Evaluated elements of piloting technique in practical training:

1) Pre-flight inspection – completeness, sequence.
2) Pilot actions – correctness, completeness, sequence.
3) Start-up, engine test.
4) Driving - method, speed, fluidity, overview of the freedom of space.
5) Checking the clearance of the space before take-off.
6) Maintaining direction during take-off and take-off.
7) Method of release – smoothness of push-off of the bar during take-off.
8) Endurance to obtain a given rate of climb.
9) Exclusion of wind drift.
10) Flight speed – compliance in all phases of flight.
11) Turns with an inclination of up to 15 degrees. – introduction, progress, selection.
12) Turns with an inclination of up to 45 degrees. – introduction, progress, selection.
13) Spiral - recognition, selection.
14) Instrument turns in specified directions - accuracy of picking.
15) Verification of the speed range in engine modes - idling, cruising, maximum.
16) Fall prevention – speed and way of reacting to loss of speed.
17) Steering through the trapeze – coordination and smoothness of steering interventions, the size of deviations.
18) Safety landing – area selection, descent, area inspection, landing maneuver.
19) Emergency landing – selection of area, landing maneuver.
20) Inspection of the area before landing - marking, signalling, other operations.
21) Flight around the circuit - compliance with height, size and shape.
22) Budget – correctness of the estimate, necessity of motor descent correction.
23) Landing – speed of approach, height and smoothness of alignment, landing speed.
24) Crosswind Landing
25) Maintaining direction after landing.
26) Use of brakes.
27) Stopping the aircraft, turning off the engine.
28) In the case of using a radio station, the level of carrying out radio correspondence.

 

TITLE 12. TRAINING RELIEF

12.1. Holders of a hang glider pilot's license may have their MZK training reduced overall. The MZK operations inspector will decide on the extent of the reduction based on an assessment of the applicant's knowledge and abilities.

12.2. A pilot of helicopters, airplanes, military pilot, commercial pilot, motor glider pilot (including ultralight), glider pilot (including ultralight), paraglider pilot and pilot of other motor SFD categories must complete the entire syllabus of piloting techniques of the MZK. Navigation training may be waived and the extent of theoretical instruction may be reduced by the training instructor based on an assessment of the applicant's knowledge and ability.

12.3. Applicants mentioned in points 12.1 and 12.2 are kept by the instructor during the training, and at the end of the training they will complete the theoretical and practical test of the MZK pilot in full.

12.4. Holders of a valid pilot's license including a qualification for controlled VFR flights (e.g. airplane pilot) will have the "controlled VFR flights" qualification entered into the MZK pilot's license administratively by the LAA CR register.

12.5. Training concessions are not granted for the qualification of MZK instructor, MZK test pilot, liftman and dropper.

 

TITLE 13. PERSONAL LETTERS

13.1. Personal letter